Vertical Structure of Beta Gyres and Its Effect on Tropical Cyclone Motion

Recently, Fiorino and Elsberry (1989) proposed a concept on beta gyres using a numerical model in a quasi-geostrophic barotropic framework, and analysed the horizontal structure. In this paper, the authors extend the findings of Fiorino et al. to a baroclinic atmosphere applying a quasi-geostrophic, three-layer model, and analyse the horizontal and vertical structures of beta gyres and their relation to tropical cyclone motion.