Up-Sliding Slantwise Vorticity Development and the Complete Vorticity Equation with Mass Forcing

The moist potential vorticity (MPV) equation is derived from complete atmospheric equations includingthe effect of mass forcing, with which the theory of Up-sliding Slantwise Vorticity Development (USVD)is proposed based on the theory of Slantwise Vorticity Development (SVD). When an air parcel slides upalong a slantwise isentropic surface, its vertical component of relative vorticity will develop, and the steeperthe isentropic surface is, the more violent the development will be. From the definition of MPV and theMPV equation produced here in, a complete vorticity equation is then put forward with mass forcing, whichexplicitly includes the effects of both internal forcings, such as variations of stability, baroclinicity, andvertical shear of horizontal wind, and external forcings, such as diabatic heating, friction, and mass forcing.When isentropic surfaces are flat, the complete vorticity equation matches its traditional counterpart. Thephysical interpretations of some of the items which are included in the complete vorticity equation butnot in the traditional one are studied with a simplified model of the Changjiang-Huaihe Meiyu front. A60-h simulation is then performed to reproduce a torrential rain event in the Changjiang-Huaihe regionand the output of the model is studied qualitatively based on the theory of USVD. The result shows thatthe conditions of the theory of USVD are easily satisfied immediately in front of mesoscale rainstorms inthe downwind direction, that is, the theory of USVD is important to the development and movement ofthese kinds of systems.