Earth Summit Mission 2022: Scientific Expedition and Research on Mt. Qomolangma Helps Reveal the Synergy between Westerly Winds and Monsoon and the Resulting Climatic and Environmental Effects

“Earth summit mission 2022” is one of the landmark scientific research activities of the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP). This scientific expedition firstly used advanced technology and methods to detect vertical meteorological elements and produce forecasts for mountain climbing. The “Earth summit mission 2022” Qomolangma scientific expedition exceeded an altitude of over 8000 meters for the first time and carried out a comprehensive scientific investigation mission on the summit of Mt. Qomolangma. Among the participants, the westerly–monsoon synergy and influence team stationed in the Mt. Qomolangma region had two tasks: 1) detecting the vertical structure of the atmosphere for parameters such as wind, temperature, humidity, and pressure with advanced instruments for high-altitude detection at the Mt. Qomolangma base camp; and 2) observing extreme weather processes to ensure that members of the mountaineering team could successfully reach the top. Through this scientific expedition, a better understanding of the vertical structure and weather characteristics of the complex area of Mt. Qomolangma is gained.